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At carotid bifurcation, the flow pattern becomes complicated, which is considered as pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The morphological features and hemodynamic environments have been found to play important roles in plaque progression. The FSI computational model coupling the structural and hemodynamic computational analysis, better replicates the in vivo biomechanical condition, which can provide multiple structural and flow-based risk factors to assess plaque vulnerability.Ĭarotid atherosclerosis is one of the main underlying inducements of stroke, which is a leading cause of disability.
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Conclusions: Computational biomechanical analysis is a useful tool to provide the biomechanical risk factors to help clinicians assess and predict the patient-specific plaque vulnerability. The risk of plaque rupture would also increase. Especially for the plaque at ICA branch, the current 2 small plaques might further enlarge and merge as a large vulnerable plaque. From the results of biomechanical factors, both stenoses had a high potential of plaque progression. The patient II had significant tandem stenosis at both common and internal carotid artery (CCA and ICA). The FSI results suggested a potential plaque progression may lead to a high-risk plaque, if no proper treatment was performed. The blood flow pattern changed consequently and led to a complex biomechanical environment. The stenosis changed the cross-sectional shape of the lumen. Patient I had a large lipid core and serve stenosis at carotid bulb. Results: Significant difference in morphological and biomechanical conditions between 2 patients was observed. Multiple biomechanical risk factors including structural and hemodynamic stresses were employed in post-processing to assess the plaque vulnerability. Patient-specific flow and pressure waveforms were used in the computational analysis. The 3D models of carotid bifurcation were reconstructed using our in-house-developed protocol based on multisequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Two patients with carotid stenosis planned for carotid endarterectomy were included in this study. This model coupled both structural and hemodynamic analysis. Method: To analyse the biomechanical risk of the patient-specific carotid stenosis, this study used the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) computational biomechanical model. However, the biomechanics in each patient’s blood vessel is complicated and unique.
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The morphological feature and biomechanical environment have been found to play important roles in atherosclerotic plaque progression. The results show that the distribution of bio-CNG near the outlet of the manifold is uniform and homogeneous for the manifold with R/D ratio of 1.75 and 2.Background: Carotid atherosclerosis is one of the main underlying inducements of stroke, which is a leading cause of disability. The different configurations are analysed for the comparison of the parameters such as, pressure, velocity, turbulence kinetic energy, helicity and mass fraction of CH.sub.4. The geometries are made in PTC-Creo 3.0, followed by CFD simulation in ANSYS Fluent. As the bio-CNG is new age fuel, being produced to reduce the import of conventional CNG, the work for optimization of port injector and intake manifold are hardly available. The objective is to optimize the intake manifold to deliver the homogeneous mixture of air and bio-CNG inside the engine cylinder. The port fuel injector for bio-CNG induction is placed at 200 mm from the manifold. The ratio of radius of curvature of manifold bend (R) to the diameter of manifold (D) is varied as 1, 1.5, 1.75 and 2. The four configurations of intake manifold are investigated. The aim of the study is to analyse the effect the R/D ratio on the flow behaviour and mixture formation of air and bio-CNG. The present study comprises the development of intake manifold with the port fuel injector and investigate the mixing characteristics of air and bio-CNG. A bio-CNG is a form of biogas with increased methane content.
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As alternative fuels, both liquid and gaseous biofuels have huge resources. Abstract : The awareness for an effective utilization of renewable energy and alternative fuels has been increasing.